GRAMMATICAL AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF HOMONYMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Abstract

Homonymy is a significant linguistic phenomenon that plays an important role in both lexical semantics and grammar. It refers to words that share the same form in pronunciation or spelling but differ in meaning and, in some cases, in grammatical function. This article presents a comparative grammatical and semantic analysis of homonyms in English and Uzbek languages. The study aims to identify the structural, functional, and semantic characteristics of homonyms in both languages and to reveal similarities and differences shaped by their typological features. Using descriptive, comparative, and contextual analysis methods, the research examines lexical, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical homonyms, illustrating how meaning differentiation depends on context, syntactic position, and morphological markers. The findings demonstrate that while English homonymy is largely influenced by historical sound changes and borrowing, Uzbek homonymy is more closely related to agglutinative morphology and word-formation processes. Drawing on the works of prominent linguists such as Lyons, Ullmann, Crystal, and Uzbek scholars including Rahmatullayev and Abduazizov, the research applies descriptive and comparative methods. The findings reveal that while English homonyms often arise due to historical phonomena.